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☆ Zelenskyy canceled all his foreign trips, a sign things are critically bad for Ukraine right now
▼ + stars: | 2024-05-16 | by ( Mia Jankowicz | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +6 min

This has given Russian forces the chance to make small but steady gains. It's one of 30 settlements that have seen heavy bombardment by Russian forces, Kharkiv Governor Oleh Syniehubov said on Monday. AdvertisementHolding on until Western aid comesMeanwhile, chronic delays in Western support has left Ukraine badly under-supplied in ammunition. Advertisement"This year represents a window of opportunity for Russia," military analyst Michael Kofman told the Times. "But if the Russian military is not able to turn these advantages into battlefield gains and generate momentum, there's a fair chance that this window will begin to close as we enter 2025."

Persons: —, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Zelenskyy's, Sergii Nykyforov, Nykyforov, EFE, King Felipe VI of Spain, Zelenskyy, Hamish de Bretton Gordon, Bretton Gordon, Vladimir Putin, George Barros, Chasiv Yar, Kyryo Budanov, Oleh Syniehubov, Ann Marie Dailey, Russia's, Emmanuel Macron's, de Bretton Gordon, Michael Kofman Organizations: Service, Business, Telegraph, British, Institute, Associated Press, New York Times, BBC, Kharkiv, RAND, Fleet, Russian, Politico, Times Locations: Ukraine, Russia, Spanish, Portugal, Ukrainian, Donetsk, Kharkiv, Chasiv Yar, Vovchansk, Russian, Ukraine's, prevarication, it's

☆ A Map Without Israel Plunges a Grade School Into a Political Firestorm
▼ + stars: | 2024-01-19 | by ( Ginia Bellafante | More About Ginia Bellafante | ) www.nytimes.com time to read: +2 min

A follow-up in The Post later that day focused on the outrage of local officials. Tova Plaut, an instructional coordinator for the department, has been especially vocal about what has happened at P.S. “This particular example speaks to why there needs to be systemwide training on how to recognize antisemitism,” she said. District 15 was “committed to making sure our students feel safe and supported at all times,” he wrote, perhaps somewhat ambitiously. “It would be devastating if the program were cut,” Lauren Katzman, the mother of a first grader at 261, told me.

Persons: Dan Goldman, “, Tova, ”, Rafael T, Alvarez, ’, ” Lauren Katzman Organizations: Democratic, city’s Department of Education, Holocaust, Alliance, New York Peace Institute Locations: Boerum, Israel, nonexistence, P.S

☆ Israeli regulators are looking into unusual trading prior to October 7 attack
▼ + stars: | 2023-12-05 | by ( Matt Egan | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +3 min

CNN —Regulators in Israel are aware of and reviewing research that suggests some unknown traders may have had advance knowledge of the October 7th Hamas attacks. “This subject is known and is being thoroughly checked,” Sivan Carmon, a spokesperson for the Israel Securities Authority, told CNN in a statement on Tuesday. The ISA, the Israeli equivalent of the US Securities and Exchange Commission, is charged with fighting securities fraud, insider trading and other market abuse. Experts urged regulators to investigate the matter, including by looking at nonpublic market data that researchers did not have access to. “Of course, that’s quite different from trading based on inside knowledge of terrorist attacks,” Whitehead said.

Persons: ” Sivan Carmon, hasn’t, Yaniv Pagot, ” Pagot, ” Charles Whitehead, Whitehead, ” Whitehead, ” – CNN’s Gayle Harrington Organizations: CNN, Regulators, Israel Securities Authority, Columbia University, New York University, ISA, US Securities and Exchange Commission, Industry Regulatory Authority, Israel, Fund, Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, Bank Leumi, Cornell Law School Locations: Israel, Gaza, San Francisco

☆ Unknown traders appear to have anticipated October 7 Hamas attack, research finds
▼ + stars: | 2023-12-04 | by ( Matt Egan | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +6 min

Short selling is a way to bet against the value of a security. “Our findings suggest that traders informed about the coming attacks profited from these tragic events,” the authors wrote. The research found that on October 2, just five days before the Hamas attack, “nearly 100% of the off-exchange trading volume in the MSCI Israel ETF … consisted of short selling.”“Days before the attack, traders appeared to anticipate the events to come,” the professors wrote. In the days before the attack, bets against Israeli securities traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange “increased dramatically,” the paper said. “Taken together, our evidence is consistent with informed traders anticipating and profiting from the Hamas attack,” the authors wrote.

Persons: hasn’t, Jonathan Macey, ”, Robert Jackson Jr, Joshua Mitts, “, Mitts, it’s “, ” Mitts, Jackson, Bill Bagley, Charles Whitehead, Whitehead, – Organizations: New, New York CNN, Columbia University, New York University, Israel, Fund, Yale Law School, CNN, “ Regulators, SEC, NYU, …, US Securities and Exchange Commission, Israeli Securities Authority, Reuters, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, Bank, Cornell Law School Locations: New York, Israel, Gaza, Columbia, Bank Leumi

☆ Spora Health's founder painted a rosy portrait of his healthcare startup. The reality is more complicated.
▼ + stars: | 2023-10-30 | by ( ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +14 min

The way Dan Miller told it, his startup Spora Health was crushing it, providing high-quality care to "thousands" of people online. The startup had secured at least one big contract, with Apple, according to three former Spora employees and another source close to Spora. Four of them told Insider they either no longer worked with Spora or hadn't seen Spora patients in a year. Two doctors listed on Spora's website as "featured Spora providers" also told Insider that they no longer worked for the startup. Another former clinician said she only ever treated a handful of Spora patients.

Persons: Dan Miller, Miller, Spora, it's, UnitedHealthcare, Aetna didn't, paychecks, hadn't, he's, It's, —, we've, " Miller, Shelby Livingston, Rob Price, Emmalyse Brownstein, Ryan Pickrell, Gloria Dawson, Stephanie Hallett, Alcynna Lloyd, Hayley Peterson Organizations: Company, TechCrunch, Spora, US Securities and Exchange Commission, Apple, Aetna, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Human Ventures, MaC Venture, SEC Locations: Spora, Level's, slivingston@insider.com

☆ Tesla whistleblowers filed a complaint to the SEC in 2021, but the agency never interviewed them. Here's what the complaint said
▼ + stars: | 2023-10-12 | by ( Lora Kolodny | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +22 min

With a "goodwill" repair, Tesla essentially foots the bill for labor, parts or accessories given to keep a customer happy. "Were Tesla to accurately categorize its 'goodwill' repairs as warranty repairs, it would likely need to restate earnings for every quarter since at least 2017," the tipsters wrote in their submission. In one example, the tipsters said screenshots showed other Tesla employees changed the status of material used in manufacturing from "scrap" to "work in progress." In another example, the complaint said screenshots showed Tesla employees had manually changed the status of "used" cars to "new" in a program that tracked vehicle deliveries data. In correspondence to the agency expanding on their complaint, the whistleblowers alleged this raises questions about the firm's independence and objectivity in judging Tesla's financials.

Persons: Brandon Bell, Elon, Tesla's, Tesla, Musk, Ann Lipton, Lipton, Karen Nelson, Nelson, Nicholas Parks, it's, Oxley, restate financials Organizations: Getty, U.S . Securities, Exchange Commission, SEC, PricewaterhouseCoopers, CNBC . Agency staff, CNBC, Twitter, Tulane Law School, University of Chicago Law School, Securities, Sarbanes, Oxley, Texas Christian University, Public Company, Tesla, Parks, Nelson, Business, Exchange, Board, SpaceX, The Boring, California Alternative Energy, Transportation Financing Authority Locations: Austin , Texas, Tesla, California, U.S, Delaware

☆ Kazakh's fintech Freedom is being investigated by US SEC, DOJ - CNBC
▼ + stars: | 2023-10-06 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

The headquarters of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) are seen in Washington, July 6, 2009. The SEC's Boston regional office has been probing Freedom for months, the report said, citing documents seen by CNBC and people familiar with the matter. The allegations in the Hindenburg report are without merit, Freedom had said then. The U.S. Attorney's Office for Massachusetts is also making preliminary inquiries into Freedom, the CNBC report added. The SEC declined to comment on the existence or nonexistence of a possible investigation, whereas the Department of Justice and Freedom did not immediately respond to Reuters requests for comment.

Persons: Jim Bourg, Freedom, Hindenburg, Jaiveer Singh, Shinjini Organizations: U.S . Securities, Exchange Commission, SEC, REUTERS, U.S . Department of Justice, Securities, Exchange, CNBC, Boston, Attorney's, Massachusetts, Department of Justice, Thomson Locations: Washington, Kazakhstan, U.S, Bengaluru

☆ Kazakh fintech Freedom Holding is being investigated by DOJ, SEC, documents show
▼ + stars: | 2023-10-06 | by ( Rohan Goswami | In Rohangoswamicnbc | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +3 min

The SEC's Boston regional office has been probing Freedom for months, according to documents seen by CNBC and people familiar with the matter. The U.S. Attorney's Office for Massachusetts is also making preliminary inquiries into Freedom, documents seen by CNBC show. Nearly 115,000 Freedom shares changed hands in the first half hour of trading, 1.25 times the stock's 10-day average. Turlov and Freedom are aware of the SEC probe, which has been going on for months, a person familiar with the matter told CNBC. An SEC spokesperson told CNBC that it doesn't comment on the existence or nonexistence of an investigation.

Persons: that's, Timur Turlov, Turlov, Hindenburg, Citron Organizations: Nasdaq, Securities, Exchange, CNBC, Boston, Attorney's, Massachusetts, SEC, DOJ, Justice, Hindenburg, Citron Research, Las, Trump, Financial, Financial Industry, Authority, Freedom Locations: Almaty, Kazakhstan, Russian, U.S, Kazakh, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, New York, Las Vegas, New

☆ Boxabl acknowledges SEC inquiry in updated filing
▼ + stars: | 2023-09-25 | by ( Daniel Geiger | Alex Nicoll | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +5 min

In a filing, Boxabl acknowledges it is the subject of an SEC inquiry. AdvertisementAdvertisementBoxabl has acknowledged that it is the subject of an inquiry by the Securities and Exchange Commission in an updated financial statement. Two of those people were subpoenaed, a step the SEC typically takes when it is conducting an investigation. "The SEC does not comment on the existence or nonexistence of a possible investigation," Cory Jarvis, an SEC spokesman, wrote to Insider in an email. AdvertisementAdvertisementBoxabl has been delayed in filing financial information, disclosing its full-year financial performance for 2022 in August.

Persons: Boxabl, cofounders, —, Greg Ehlers, Ehlers, Casitas, countersued, Boxable, Cory Jarvis, Galiano Tiramani, Tiramani, Paolo Organizations: SEC, Service, Securities and Exchange Commission Locations: North Las Vegas, Nevada, Portland , Oregon

☆ The SEC is asking questions about Boxabl, the tiny-home startup that boasts Elon Musk and Post Malone as fans
▼ + stars: | 2023-09-13 | by ( Daniel Geiger | Alex Nicoll | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +9 min

In its six years of existence, Boxabl has captured the public's imagination with its innovative tiny homes and celebrity endorsements from the likes of Elon Musk and the musician Post Malone. Three former company employees, meanwhile, said they had been contacted and interviewed in recent weeks by the SEC to speak about Boxabl, including the company's business practices. In its recent financial statement, Boxabl noted that the remaining units "that were previously reserved for that project can now be sold for other projects." In its recent financial filing, Boxabl said it paid Firooznia $210,000 in 2022 for "consulting services." Leader Capital would have netted roughly $3.7 million in the deal, which it said fell apart because of the delay.

Persons: Boxabl, Elon Musk, Post Malone, cofounders, Paolo, Galiano Tiramani, Cory Jarvis, Dave Cherry, Travis Hess, Hess, Pronghorn, it's, Hamid Firooznia, Firooznia, Caroline Larkin, Paolo Tiramani, Larkin Organizations: Securities, Exchange, SEC, Arizona's Department of Housing, Staff, Pronghorn, Leader Locations: Salt Lake City , Utah, North Las Vegas, Guantánamo, Arizona, Arizona , California, Nevada, New York City, Portland , Oregon

☆ Roz Chast Knows You’ll Always Regret Leaving the City for the Suburbs
▼ + stars: | 2023-09-10 | by ( David Marchese | ) www.nytimes.com time to read: +7 min

Now she has turned her gaze away from the streets and characters of her beloved New York City and toward her own sleeping mind. I don’t know, I don’t know, I don’t know. Artwork from Chast’s book “Can’t We Talk About Something More Pleasant?” From Roz Chast and BloomsburyYou’re talking about death? The cover art for Roz Chast’s “I Must Be Dreaming.” From Roz Chast and BloomsburyWill my own lingering sense that somehow moving to the suburbs represents a personal failing ever go away? Now I know I have picked up that horrible disease that you can get from mosquitoes.”I know you’re a bit of a hypochondriac.

Persons: Roz Chast, ”, “, Chast, Woo, ” Roz Chast, “ Roz, Roz Chast’s “, —, Peter Garritano, I’ve, you’re, David Marchese, Alok Vaid, Menon, ordinariness, Joyce Carol Oates, Robert Downey Jr Organizations: City, Yorker, New, Bloomsbury, School of, Visual Arts, The New York Times, Marvel Locations: New York City, New York, York

☆ Tesla reportedly facing DOJ, SEC probes over plans to build Elon Musk a large glass house
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-31 | by ( Lora Kolodny | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +3 min

Tesla is reportedly facing two new federal probes over possible misuse of company resources by or for the personal benefit of CEO Elon Musk. However, the new probes add to a litany of other investigations that Tesla is facing from state and federal regulators. Following that revised settlement agreement, the SEC has issued subpoenas to Tesla concerning its governance processes and compliance in regards to their settlement agreement. Tesla also disclosed in its second-quarter financial filing for 2023 that the DOJ has sought documents "related to Tesla's Autopilot and FSD features." The NHTSA investigation was initiated after a string of crashes in which Tesla vehicles with Autopilot systems installed reportedly crashed into stationary first responders' vehicles.

Persons: Elon Musk, Porte, Tesla, Elon, Musk Organizations: SpaceX, Tesla, Twitter, Viva Technology, Porte de, Street Journal, U.S, Attorney's, Southern, of, Securities and Exchange Commission, Manhattan, Reuters, Manhattan federal, SEC, CNBC, National, Traffic Safety Administration, National Transportation Safety Board, Department of Justice, DOJ, Highway Transportation, Safety Administration, Beta, NHTSA Locations: Paris, France, of New York, Austin , Texas

☆ Tesla faces federal probes over secret Musk house project -WSJ
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-30 | by ( Reuters Staff | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

FILE PHOTO: Tesla Chief Executive Officer Elon Musk gets in a Tesla car as he leaves a hotel in Beijing, China May 31, 2023. REUTERS/Tingshu Wang/File Photo(Reuters) - Federal prosecutors are investigating Tesla’s use of company funds on a secret project described internally as a house for Chief Executive Elon Musk, the Wall Street Journal reported on Wednesday, citing people familiar with the matter. The Journal reported in July that Tesla board members had investigated whether company resources were misused on the effort. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has also opened a civil probe, the Journal reported. The probes are in their early stages and may not lead to charges, the Journal said.

Persons: Elon Musk, Tingshu Wang, Tesla Organizations: REUTERS, Chief, Wall Street, U.S, The, U.S . Securities, Exchange Commission, SEC Locations: Beijing, China, Manhattan, Austin , Texas

☆ Tesla faces federal probe over vehicle range after Reuters report -WSJ
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-30 | by ( Reuters Staff | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

(Reuters) - Federal prosecutors are looking into Tesla performance claims after Reuters reported the electric carmaker exaggerated the potential driving distance of its vehicles, the Wall Street Journal reported on Wednesday. FILE PHOTO: Tesla Chief Executive Officer Elon Musk gets in a Tesla car as he leaves a hotel in Beijing, China May 31, 2023. Tesla faces many probes, including federal auto safety regulators looking at its Autopilot driver assistance product. The Journal reported in July that Tesla board members had investigated whether company resources were misused on the effort. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has also opened a civil probe, the Journal reported.

Persons: Elon Musk, Tingshu Wang, Tesla Organizations: Reuters, Wall Street, REUTERS, Chief, The, U.S . Securities, Exchange Commission, SEC, Prosecutors Locations: Beijing, China, Austin , Texas, U.S, Manhattan

☆ Tesla is reportedly under investigation by the DOJ and SEC over its mysterious 'Project 42'
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-30 | by ( Grace Kay | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +4 min

Tesla is facing a federal probe over its mysterious "Project 42," The Wall Street Journal reported. The SEC is also investigating whether the project involved using company funds for CEO Elon Musk's personal benefit, the Journal said. The project is internally believed to involve building a glass house for Musk, the Journal previously reported. It can be illegal to use company funds for personal expenses — especially when dealing with a publicly traded company. It's not clear if the building project is still in the works, or whether the glass order was ever delivered, the Journal reported on Wednesday.

Persons: Tesla, Elon, Musk, Elon Musk, Omead Afshar, Afshar, It's Organizations: Street Journal, SEC, Morning, Elon, Wall Street, US, Office, Southern, of New, Bloomberg, The Securities, Exchange Commission Locations: of New York, Tesla's gigafactory, Austin , Texas, Texas

REUTERS/Mike Blake/File PhotoCompanies Grail Inc FollowIllumina Inc FollowAug 11 (Reuters) - The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has begun an investigation into Illumina's (ILMN.O) $7.1 billion acquisition of cancer detection test maker Grail (GRAL.O), the gene sequencing company said in a regulatory filing. An SEC spokesperson said the agency "does not comment on the existence or nonexistence of a possible investigation". Illumina declined to comment or provide further details on the SEC investigation. The gene-sequencing machine maker had repurchased Grail in 2021, despite opposition from U.S. and European antitrust regulators, a decision that prompted investor Carl Icahn to pursue a proxy fight at Illumina, arguing Grail should be divested as it had cost investors billions of dollars. Illumina was fined 432 million euros ($476 million) by the EU last month for closing the deal before approval by European antitrust regulators.

Persons: Mike Blake, Illumina, Carl Icahn, Mariam Sunny, Shounak Dasgupta Organizations: REUTERS, U.S . Securities, Exchange Commission, SEC, EU, Thomson Locations: San Diego , California, U.S, California, Illumina, Bengaluru

☆ Adani Group statements to investors draw US regulatory scrutiny, Bloomberg reports
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-22 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

June 22 (Reuters) - The U.S Attorney's Office in Brooklyn, New York, has sent inquiries in recent months to investors with large holdings in Adani Group, focused on what the Indian ports-to-power giant told them, Bloomberg News reported on Thursday. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission also has a similar probe underway, Bloomberg reported, citing two people familiar with the matter. The authorities are looking into the representations that Adani made to its American investors following short-seller Hindenburg's report, the Bloomberg report said. India's markets watchdog in May had "drawn a blank" in investigations into suspected violations in overseas investments in the Adani group and a Supreme Court-appointed panel said its ongoing pursuit of the case could be a "journey without a destination". Adani Group and the U.S. Attorney General's office did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

Persons: Adani, General's, Chandni Shah, Maju Samuel Organizations: U.S Attorney's, Adani Group, Bloomberg, U.S . Securities, Exchange Commission, Hindenburg Research, SEC, Eastern, of New York U.S, Attorney’s, Adani, U.S, Thomson Locations: Brooklyn , New York, Bengaluru

☆ Fed, SEC probing Goldman Sachs' role in Silicon Valley Bank's final days - WSJ
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-15 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

Silicon Valley Bank had booked a $1.8 billion loss on the sale of a bond portfolio to Goldman. "SVB engaged Goldman Sachs to assist with a proposed capital raise and sold the firm a portfolio of securities. Goldman had disclosed last month it was cooperating with government probes into its dealings with Silicon Valley Bank. In March, Reuters reported U.S. prosecutors were investigating the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank. Silicon Valley Bank's demise sent shockwaves through the industry and brought on the worst crisis for the sector in 15 years.

Persons: Goldman Sachs Group's, SVB, Goldman Sachs, Goldman, shockwaves, Niket, Saeed Azhar, Chris Prentice, Krishna Chandra Eluri, Maju Samuel Organizations: U.S . Federal Reserve, Securities and Exchange Commission, Silicon Valley Bank, Wall Street, Bank, Goldman, Reuters, Fed, SEC, Thomson Locations: Silicon, Bengaluru, New York

☆ Analysis: Stablecoin regulatory crackdown sends warning to industry
▼ + stars: | 2023-02-22 | by ( Hannah Lang | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +5 min

But usage is raising questions from regulators who have expressed concern about the disclosures stablecoin issuers provide, as well as the tokens' potential instability during periods of stress. While the crypto industry has criticized the SEC's broad industry crackdown, the move against Binance USD, the third-biggest stablecoin with about $16 billion in circulation, could lend some guidelines for which stablecoin activities may get scrutinized. SEC Chairman Gary Gensler has previously said he believes some stablecoins are in fact securities, which require registration and additional regulatory oversight. The New York Department of Financial Services also ordered Paxos last week to stop minting Binance USD. But the specific features of tokens like Binance USD have some stablecoin issuers keen to highlight their differences.

Bankman-Fried could face a host of potential charges – civil and criminal – as well as private lawsuits from millions of FTX creditors, legal experts told CNBC. There are three different, possibly simultaneous legal threats that Bankman-Fried faces in the United States alone, Levin told CNBC. He told CNBC, "prosecutors would have to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Bankman-Fried or his associates committed criminal fraud." (Carter was not an FTX investor, and told CNBC that his fund passed on early FTX rounds.) "People should not jump to the conclusion that something is not happening just because it has not been publicly disclosed," Levin told CNBC.

☆ FTX files for bankrupcty as CEO resigns
▼ + stars: | 2022-11-11 | by ( Matt Egan | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +2 min

FTX said Sam Bankman-Fried, the 30-year-old founder of the exchange, will remain to assist in an orderly transition. Both the Justice Department and Securities and Exchange Commission are investigating FTX, The Wall Street Journal reported. Bankman-Fried has been one of the faces of the crypto industry, amassing a fortune once totaling $25 billion that has since vanished. The implosion of FTX was preceded by the decision to lend billions of dollars’ worth of customer assets to fund risky bets by Alameda, the Journal reported on Thursday. Alameda now owes FTX a staggering $10 billion that the exchange had serious trouble raising, the paper said.

☆ Crypto is in chaos as FTX files for bankruptcy
▼ + stars: | 2022-11-10 | by ( Allison Morrow | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +7 min

By Friday morning, FTX said Bankman-Fried had resigned as CEO and that the firm was filing for bankruptcy. Failures are not uncommon in the murky, largely unregulated world of crypto, but FTX is not your average crypto startup. Namely, that the bulk of its assets are held in FTT, a digital token minted by Alameda’s sister firm, FTX. On Sunday, the CEO of Binance, FTX’s much larger rival, said his company was liquidating $580 million worth of FTX holdings. After a chaotic week, FTX filed for bankruptcy.

☆ SEC scrutiny into Wall Street communications shifts to investment funds - sources
▼ + stars: | 2022-10-11 | by ( Chris Prentice | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +4 min

WASHINGTON, Oct 11 (Reuters) - The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's scrutiny of how Wall Street handles work-related communications on personal devices and apps such as WhatsApp has expanded beyond broker-dealers to investment funds and advisers, according to four people familiar with the inquiry. A spokesperson for the SEC declined to comment, saying: "We don’t comment on the existence or nonexistence of a possible investigation." The SEC periodically conducts such sweeps to quickly gather information on issues it suspects may be widespread. The institutions did not preserve most of those personal chats, violating federal rules which require broker-dealers and other financial institutions to preserve business communications. Like broker-dealers, investment companies and registered investment advisers are required by the SEC to maintain records of business communications.

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